Summer means sun, holidays, and outdoor relaxation. But it’s also the time of year when the skin is most exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays, often with effects that aren’t immediately visible. Among these, sunspots—known in dermatology as solar lentigines or photodamage-related discolorations—are one of the most common and underestimated manifestations. But what exactly are they, why do they develop, and how can we prevent or treat them effectively?

What are sunspots?

Sunspots are benign pigmentary changes in the skin, caused by localized overproduction of melanin—the pigment that gives skin its color and protects it from UV damage. They appear as flat, light to dark brown patches with well-defined or blurred edges. They tend to affect the most sun-exposed areas, such as the face, back of the hands, décolleté, and shoulders, and unlike freckles, they persist even in winter months.
Biologically, chronic UV exposure stimulates melanocytes (melanin-producing cells) to overwork, resulting in pigment buildup in the affected area. Over time, this accumulation becomes embedded in the skin structure and appears visibly as a spot.

Risk factors: who is more prone?

Anyone can develop sunspots, but certain factors significantly increase the risk:

• Age: Skin aging reduces the skin’s ability to regenerate and correct pigmentary damage.
• Fair skin type: People with light skin, eyes, and hair have less natural melanin and therefore fewer intrinsic defenses.
• Intense and unprotected sun exposure, even during work or sports activities.
• Frequent use of UV lamps or tanning beds, which accelerate photodamage.
• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy, menopause, or hormonal treatments (e.g., birth control pills), which make the skin more photosensitive.

Prevention: photoprotection as the primary strategy

Preventing sunspots relies on a key principle: protect the skin daily from UV rays. It’s not enough to apply sunscreen only at the beach or in the mountains—this habit should be part of your everyday routine, even in urban settings or during outdoor activities.
It’s recommended to apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen (UVA + UVB) with an SPF of at least 30—preferably 50—every morning, even on cloudy days. For prolonged sun exposure, sweating, or after swimming, sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours.
Wearing wide-brimmed hats, certified UV-protection sunglasses, and UV-protective clothing further enhances protection. Additionally, it’s wise to avoid sun exposure during peak hours of the day, when radiation is most intense.

If sunspots have already appeared: when should you see a specialist?

Once they appear, sunspots should never be taken lightly. Although they are usually benign, it’s important to rule out more serious conditions, such as actinic keratoses or, in rare cases, early flat melanomas.

A dermatological consultation is the most effective way to distinguish between harmless discolorations and potentially dangerous lesions. During the visit, the dermatologist will conduct a thorough clinical exam, possibly supported by digital dermatoscopy or mole mapping, to accurately assess each pigmented lesion.

Depending on the diagnosis, the specialist may suggest a personalized treatment, choosing from lightening creams (e.g., those containing azelaic acid, kojic acid, or retinoids), chemical peels with alpha-hydroxy acids or TCA, fractional or Q-switched lasers, or cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen.

All treatments must be tailored based on the patient’s clinical history, skin type, and the nature of the lesions.

Why choose Minihospital “Sandro Pertini”?

Our dermatology service offers fast, thorough evaluations thanks to a highly qualified medical team and state-of-the-art equipment. We approach every case with an integrated strategy, combining clinical diagnosis with prevention and identifying the most effective and safest treatment plan.

Your skin tells a story. Make sure it’s a healthy one. Book your dermatology appointment today.