Hearing is one of the most complex and fundamental senses for our relationship with the environment around us. It allows us not only to perceive sounds, but also to communicate effectively and respond to external stimuli. Acoustic information is processed by the central nervous system, allowing us to understand language, recognize familiar sounds and detect potential dangers. Optimal hearing is therefore crucial to the quality of life, directly influencing social interactions and cognitive abilities.

Prevalence of hearing disorders in Italy

According to Censis, approximately 12.1% of the Italian population, equal to approximately 7 million people, has hearing loss, a condition characterized by the partial or total reduction of hearing ability, which can manifest itself in varying degrees and compromise the ability to communicate and interact. The frequency of these disorders increases with age, a phenomenon linked to the natural aging of the hearing system. Less than 10% of people between the ages of 13 and 45 are affected by hearing loss, while the percentage rises to 25% between the ages of 61 and 80, reaching 50% among those over 80.

These data highlight how advancing age is one of the main risk factors for hearing loss, with significant impacts on daily life. However, most of these disorders can be treated effectively if diagnosed promptly, making regular check-ups essential, especially at an advanced age.

One of the most common disorders: tinnitus.

When it comes to hearing disorders, tinnitus is the most common and affects approximately 10-15% of the adult population. This disorder is characterized by the perception of sounds such as whistling, buzzing or hissing in the absence of an external sound source and can have a negative impact on the quality of life, interfering with sleep, concentration, communication and emotional well-being. It is essential to consult a specialist for a thorough evaluation and to rule out any underlying causes. Treatment options may include sound therapies, psychological support, medications and, in some cases, the use of hearing aids.

Causes of hearing disorders

Hearing problems, such as tinnitus but not only, can be caused by a number of factors, ranging from genetic predispositions to environmental factors. The main causes include:

• Exposure to noise: Constant exposure to loud noises, whether at work or during recreational activities such as concerts or prolonged use of audio devices at high volume, is one of the main causes of acquired hearing loss. Noise damages the hair cells in the inner ear, compromising the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain.
• Aging: The phenomenon known as presbycusis, linked to the physiological process of aging, leads to a progressive degeneration of the auditory structures, with a consequent reduction in the ability to listen.
• Genetic factors: Hereditary predisposition plays a determining role in many cases of hearing loss. Congenital disorders or disorders that appear at a young age are often linked to genetic factors.
• Diseases and infections: Infections such as recurrent ear infections, meningitis, or other diseases that affect the upper respiratory tract and auditory structures can damage hearing, sometimes permanently.
• Ototoxic drugs: Some medications, while essential for treating certain diseases, can have side effects that are harmful to hearing.

 

Hearing disorders in childhood

Assessing hearing in children is vital, as early hearing loss can interfere with language and cognitive development, with long-term effects on a child’s educational and social development. About 1 in 1,000 children is born with significant hearing loss, while about 10% of childhood deafness develops in the first three years of life. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to avoid developmental delays.
Signs of possible hearing disorders in children can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, including:

• Delays in babbling or babbling, a sign of slower language development.
• Difficulty reacting to sounds, especially loud ones, which may indicate a reduction in hearing sensitivity.
• Inability to follow simple instructions or respond to calls.

A timely hearing check is essential to prevent irreversible damage and ensure that your child can fully develop their language and cognitive skills.

Remedies and treatments for hearing loss

Depending on the cause and severity of the disorder, there are different therapeutic solutions to improve or restore hearing function. Some of the main options include:

• Hearing aids: These devices, which amplify sounds, are ideal for those with mild to moderate hearing loss. Today, very discreet and technologically advanced devices are available, designed to meet the specific needs of each patient.
• Cochlear implants: In cases of profound deafness, cochlear implants are an effective solution. These electronic devices, surgically implanted, directly stimulate the auditory nerve.
• Medical or surgical interventions: For hearing disorders caused by infections or structural anomalies, pharmacological or surgical treatments are possible to restore hearing function.
• Speech therapy: is essential in cases of childhood hearing loss to stimulate language development and improve communication skills, especially if the disorder is diagnosed early. However, it represents a supportive rehabilitation treatment to be combined with a multidisciplinary therapeutic path that may include the use of hearing aids or cochlear implants.

The importance of early intervention

Hearing plays an essential role in our daily lives and, when compromised, can negatively affect communication and social relationships. Recognizing the signs of possible hearing loss early and seeking expert advice for an accurate assessment can make a big difference in managing the condition and improving your quality of life.

If you have any concerns about your hearing health or would like a thorough check-up, do not hesitate to contact MiniHospital for specialist advice.